Download https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/attachment.cgi?id=198179 Open the only table in this database. Click "Standard Filter". A dialog with 3 rows will appear. Choose "Tax" and a condition, which is different to "=". Execute the filter. Nothing has been filtered by the filter. Open the filter again. Condition has been lost. It is only possible to set a filter for a decimal value by AutoFilter. This will filter all values, which are the same. Filtering by "=". But you can't get the same filtering by Standard Filter. By the way: Filtering of Time and DateTime couldn't be filtered at all. This is already reported in bug 164381 for Autofilter.
This problem is true! In the referred database or in my own it is impossible to work with standard filter by decimal fields in tables (LO 24.2.7.2 (X86_64).
Following comment1 I will set this one to new.